Managing network identitites

ABSTRACT

Techniques for managing network identities include generating, with a local computing system, a tree structure representing a network comprising a plurality of entities, the tree structure comprising a plurality of nodes, each node of the plurality of nodes representing an entity of the plurality of entities, at least one entity of the plurality of entities is represented by more than one node of the plurality of nodes; assigning a unique identifier to each node; identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being a protected node or an unprotected node; and transmitting, to a remote computing system, the tree structure, the unique identifiers for the protected nodes, and identity information of the entities for the unprotected nodes.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35U.S.C. §120 to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/463,772, filed May3, 2012, and entitled “Managing Network Identities,” the entire contentsof which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to managing network identities and, moreparticularly, protecting identities of entities in a network.

BACKGROUND

A network is made up of a set of entities, such as things, individuals,groups, or organizations, and links between the entities that representrelationships, connections, or interactions between the entities. A usermay want to learn generic information about the network. The network,however, may include entities that have strong expectations of privacy,and the user may not have permission to view the identity of suchentities. The privacy of these entities needs to be protected whilepreserving the properties of the network, such as the presence of theentities in the network and the links between the entities. The privacyof these entities is typically protected through anonymizationtechniques in which information that can be used to identify theentities, such as names, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and the like,are concealed from the user. Some anonymization techniques, however, donot adequately protect the privacy of the entities in the network.

SUMMARY

This disclosure describes systems, methods, apparatus, andcomputer-readable media for managing network identities including, forexample, the features of generating, with a local computing system, atree structure representing a network comprising a plurality ofentities, the tree structure comprising a plurality of nodes, each nodeof the plurality of nodes representing an entity of the plurality ofentities, at least one entity of the plurality of entities isrepresented by more than one node of the plurality of nodes; assigning aunique identifier to each node; identifying each node of the pluralityof nodes as being a protected node or an unprotected node; andtransmitting, to a remote computing system, the tree structure, theunique identifiers for the protected nodes, and identity information ofthe entities for the unprotected nodes.

In a first aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments,assigning a unique identifier to each node includes generating a numberby combining an identification number of the entity associated with thenode and identification numbers of entities associated with nodes alonga path from a root node of the tree structure to the node; andencrypting the combined number.

In a second aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments,assigning the unique identifier to each node includes assigning a uniquenumber to each node based on a path from a root node of the treestructure to the node.

In a third aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments,assigning a unique identifier to each node includes assigning the uniquenumber to each node based on an order that a user of the remotecomputing system expands the nodes of the tree structure.

A fourth aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments includesmaintaining a mapping of each unique identifier to information about theentity associated with the node associated with the unique identifier.

In a fifth aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments,identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being a protectednode or an unprotected node includes determining that a user of theremote computing system has permission to view identity information ofthe entity associated with the node; and identifying the node as beingan unprotected node.

In a sixth aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments,identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being a protectednode or an unprotected node includes determining that a user of theremote computing system does not have permission to view identityinformation of the entity associated with the node; and identifying thenode as being a protected node.

In a seventh aspect combinable with any of the general embodiments, theat least one entity represented by more than one node of the pluralityof nodes is associated with at least one protected node.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in thisdisclosure can be implemented so as to realize none, one, or more of thefollowing advantages. The identity of entities can be protected whilerevealing generic information about a network, such as the presence ofthese entities in the network and generic information about theseentities, to a user. When an entity is present multiple times in anetwork, e.g., has a direct and indirect connection to a user, or hasmultiple indirect connections to the user but no direct connection, andthe presence of the entity is represented by multiple instances in auser interface, it will be difficult for a user to infer that eachinstance is representing the same entity.

These general and specific aspects may be implemented using a device,system or method, or any combinations of devices, systems, or methods.For example, a system of one or more computers can be configured toperform particular actions by virtue of having software, firmware,hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that inoperation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or morecomputer programs can be configured to perform particular actions byvirtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processingapparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. The details ofone or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawingsand the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages willbe apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example distributed computing system operable tomanage network identities.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example network graph representing a network thatincludes entities.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example flowchart for managing network identities.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example network tree representing a network thatincludes entities.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example network tree that is presented to a userby a remote client.

FIGS. 6-8 illustrate example techniques of assigning an identifier to anode in a network tree.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate example techniques of assigning a uniqueidentifier to each node in a network tree.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example table that includes a mapping of eachidentifier to information associated with an entity represented by anode associated with the identifier.

FIGS. 12-15 illustrate example portions of a network tree that istransmitted from a computing system to a remote client for display to auser.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example network tree in which identifiers areassigned to nodes of the network tree.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In a general embodiment of the present disclosure, a computing systemmanages identities of entities in a network. An entity includes, forexample, a thing, a person, a group, an organization, or a company. Anetwork includes, for example, a social network, a supplier network, abusiness-to-business network, a peer-to-peer network, a communicationnetwork, a computer network, or a collection of hardware components. Anetwork may be represented by a graph structure. The graph structure canbe cyclic or acyclic. The graph structure can include multipleoccurrences of the same entity. A node in the graph structure representsan entity in the network. The computing system generates a treestructure from the network graph. In the tree structure, each instanceof an entity is represented by a distinct node. As a result, an entitycan be represented by multiple distinct nodes in the tree structure.This occurs when, for example, the entity has a direct and an indirectconnection to a user, or has multiple indirect connections to the userbut no direct connection. The computing system assigns a uniqueidentifier to each distinct node in the tree structure that is opaquerelative to the identity information of the entity associated with thenode. An identifier is opaque when the identifier does not reveal orinclude any identity information of the entity. As a result, an entitythat is represented by multiple distinct nodes in the tree structure isassociated with multiple unique opaque identifiers. This makes itdifficult for a user to infer that the multiple nodes represent the sameentity when the identity of the entity associated with the nodes isconcealed from the user. When a user requests information about thenetwork, the computing system transmits the tree structure, the uniqueidentifiers for nodes associated with entities in which identityinformation is to be concealed from the user, and identity informationof entities in which the user has permission to view the identityinformation.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example distributed computing environment 100operable to manage network identities using a computing system 102. Theillustrated environment 100 includes or is communicably coupled with thecomputing system 102 and one or more clients 135, at least some of whichcommunicate across network 132. In general, environment 100 depicts anexample configuration of a system capable of providing stateless andstateful execution of applications in a substantially transparent way,as well as dynamically determining the particular application's mode ofoperation in response to requests from its clients 135. For example, thesystem provides stateless execution when performing the operationsassociated with the techniques of assigning an identifier to a node in anetwork tree based on an entity's database record identification number,based on an entity's database record identification number and a user'sidentification number, or based on an entity's database recordidentification number and an identification number of an entityrepresented by a parent node, as described below and shown in FIGS. 6-8.An example of when the system provides stateful execution is when itperforms the operations associated with the technique of sequentiallyassigning a unique identifier to a node in a network tree based on apath from a root node to the node, as described below and shown in FIG.10.

In general, the computing system 102 may be a server that stores one ormore hosted applications 114, where at least a portion of the hostedapplications 114 are executed via requests and responses sent to usersor clients within and communicably coupled to the illustratedenvironment 100 of FIG. 1. An example of a hosted application 114 is anetwork identity management application. An example of a networkidentity management application is a supplier identity managementapplication for a supplier network. The supplier identity managementapplication is executed by the computing system 102 to manage identitiesof suppliers in a supplier network.

In some instances, the server 102 may store a plurality of varioushosted applications 114, while in other instances, the server 102 may bea dedicated server meant to store and execute only a single hostedapplication 114. In some instances, the server 102 may include a webserver, where the hosted applications 114 represent one or moreweb-based applications accessed and executed via network 132 by theclients 135 of the system to perform the programmed tasks or operationsof the hosted application 114. At a high level, the server 102 includesan electronic computing device operable to receive, transmit, process,store, or manage data and information associated with the environment100. Specifically, the server 102 illustrated in FIG. 1 is responsiblefor receiving application requests from one or more client applications144 associated with the clients 135 of environment 100 and responding tothe received requests by processing the requests in the associatedhosted application 114, and sending the appropriate response from thehosted application 114 back to the requesting client application 144.

In addition to requests from the external clients 135 illustrated inFIG. 1, requests associated with the hosted applications 114 may also besent from internal users, external or third-party customers, otherautomated applications, as well as any other appropriate entities,individuals, systems, or computers. As used in the present disclosure,the term “computer” is intended to encompass any suitable processingdevice. For example, although FIG. 1 illustrates a single server 102,environment 100 can be implemented using two or more servers 102, aswell as computers other than servers, including a server pool. Indeed,server 102 may be any computer or processing device such as, forexample, a blade server, general-purpose personal computer (PC),Macintosh, workstation, UNIX-based workstation, a virtual server, or anyother suitable device. In other words, the present disclosurecontemplates computers other than general purpose computers, as well ascomputers without conventional operating systems. Further, illustratedserver 102 may be adapted to execute any operating system, includingLinux, UNIX, Windows, Mac OS, or any other suitable operating system.According to one embodiment, server 102 may also include or becommunicably coupled with a mail server.

In the present implementation, and as shown in FIG. 1, the server 102includes a processor 111, an interface 129, a memory 117, and one ormore hosted applications 114. The interface 129 is used by the server102 for communicating with other systems in a client-server or otherdistributed environment (including within environment 100) connected tothe network 132 (e.g., client 135, as well as other systems communicablycoupled to the network 132). Generally, the interface 129 includes logicencoded in software and/or hardware in a suitable combination andoperable to communicate with the network 132. More specifically, theinterface 129 may include software supporting one or more communicationprotocols associated with communications such that the network 132 orinterface's hardware is operable to communicate physical signals withinand outside of the illustrated environment 100.

Generally, the network 132 facilitates wireless or wirelinecommunications between the components of the environment 100 (i.e.,between the server 102 and the clients 135), as well as with any otherlocal or remote computer, such as additional clients, servers, or otherdevices communicably coupled to network 132 but not illustrated inFIG. 1. The network 132 is illustrated as a single network in FIG. 1,but may be a continuous or discontinuous network without departing fromthe scope of this disclosure, so long as at least a portion of thenetwork 132 may facilitate communications between senders andrecipients. The network 132 may be all or a portion of an enterprise orsecured network, while in another instance at least a portion of thenetwork 132 may represent a connection to the Internet. In someinstances, a portion of the network 132 may be a virtual private network(VPN), such as, for example, the connection between the client 135 andthe server 102.

Further, all or a portion of the network 132 can include either awireline or wireless link. Example wireless links may include802.11a/b/g/n, 802.20, WiMax, and/or any other appropriate wirelesslink. In other words, the network 132 encompasses any internal orexternal network, networks, sub-network, or combination thereof operableto facilitate communications between various computing components insideand outside the illustrated environment 100. The network 132 maycommunicate, for example, Internet Protocol (IP) packets, Frame Relayframes, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells, voice, video, data, andother suitable information between network addresses. The network 132may also include one or more local area networks (LANs), radio accessnetworks (RANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks(WANs), all or a portion of the Internet, and/or any other communicationsystem or systems at one or more locations.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, server 102 includes a processor 111. Althoughillustrated as a single processor 111 in FIG. 1, two or more processorsmay be used according to particular needs, desires, or particularembodiments of environment 100. Each processor 111 may be a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a blade, an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or anothersuitable component. Generally, the processor 111 executes instructionsand manipulates data to perform the operations of server 102 and,specifically, the one or more plurality of hosted applications 114.Specifically, the server's processor 111 executes the functionalityrequired to receive and respond to requests from the clients 135 andtheir respective client applications 144, as well as the functionalityrequired to perform the other operations of the hosted application 114.Regardless of the particular implementation, “software” may includecomputer-readable instructions, firmware, wired or programmed hardware,or any combination thereof on a tangible medium operable when executedto perform at least the processes and operations described herein.Indeed, each software component may be fully or partially written ordescribed in any appropriate computer language including C, C++, Java,Visual Basic, assembler, Perl, any suitable version of 4GL, as well asothers. It will be understood that while portions of the softwareillustrated in FIG. 1 are shown as individual modules that implement thevarious features and functionality through various objects, methods, orother processes, the software may instead include a number ofsub-modules, third party services, components, libraries, and such, asappropriate. Conversely, the features and functionality of variouscomponents can be combined into single components as appropriate. In theillustrated environment 100, processor 111 executes one or more hostedapplications 114 on the server 102.

At a high level, each of the one or more hosted applications 114 is anyapplication, program, module, process, or other software that mayexecute, change, delete, generate, or otherwise manage informationaccording to the present disclosure, particularly in response to and inconnection with one or more requests received from the illustratedclients 135 and their associated client applications 144. In certaincases, only one hosted application 114 may be located at a particularserver 102. In others, a plurality of related and/or unrelated hostedapplications 114 may be stored at a single server 102, or located acrossa plurality of other servers 102, as well. In certain cases, environment100 may implement a composite hosted application 114. For example,portions of the composite application may be implemented as EnterpriseJava Beans (EJBs) or design-time components may have the ability togenerate run-time implementations into different platforms, such as J2EE(Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition), ABAP (Advanced BusinessApplication Programming) objects, or Microsoft's .NET, among others. Insome embodiments, portions of the composite application may beimplemented through a single enterprise-class solution for dataintegration, data quality, data profiling, and text analysis. Forexample, in some implementations, the enterprise-class solutionimplemented may address cleansing and standardization of records, suchas, for example, database records 120.

Additionally, the hosted applications 114 may represent web-basedapplications accessed and executed by remote clients 135 or clientapplications 144 via the network 132 (e.g., through the Internet).Further, while illustrated as internal to server 102, one or moreprocesses associated with a particular hosted application 114 may bestored, referenced, or executed remotely. For example, a portion of aparticular hosted application 114 may be a web service associated withthe application that is remotely called, while another portion of thehosted application 114 may be an interface object or agent bundled forprocessing at a remote client 135. Moreover, any or all of the hostedapplications 114 may be a child or sub-module of another software moduleor enterprise application (not illustrated) without departing from thescope of this disclosure. Still further, portions of the hostedapplication 114 may be executed by a user working directly at server102, as well as remotely at client 135.

The illustrated server 102 also includes memory 117. Memory 117 mayinclude any memory or database module and may take the form of volatileor non-volatile memory including, without limitation, magnetic media,optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM),removable media, or any other suitable local or remote memory component.Memory 117 may store various objects or data, including classes,frameworks, applications, backup data, business objects, jobs, webpages, web page templates, database tables, repositories storingbusiness and/or dynamic information, and any other appropriateinformation including any parameters, variables, algorithms,instructions, rules, constraints, or references thereto associated withthe purposes of the server 102 and its one or more hosted applications114. For example, memory 117 may store database records 120 that containinformation associated with an entity. Memory 117 may also store tables122 that include mappings of unique identifiers to database records 120for each network displayed on a remote client. Additionally, memory 117may include any other appropriate data, such as VPN applications,firmware logs and policies, firewall policies, a security or access log,print or other reporting files, as well as others.

The illustrated environment of FIG. 1 also includes one or more clients135. Each client 135 may be any computing device operable to connect toor communicate with at least the server 102 and/or via the network 132using a wireline or wireless connection. Further, as illustrated byclient 135 a, each client 135 includes a processor 141, an interface139, a graphical user interface (GUI) 138, a client application 144, anda memory 147. In general, each client 135 includes an electroniccomputer device operable to receive, transmit, process, and store anyappropriate data associated with the environment 100 of FIG. 1. It willbe understood that there may be any number of clients 135 associatedwith, or external to, environment 100. For example, while illustratedenvironment 100 includes three clients (135 a, 135 b, and 135 c),alternative implementations of environment 100 may include a singleclient 135 communicably coupled to the server 102, or any other numbersuitable to the purposes of the environment 100. Additionally, there mayalso be one or more additional clients 135 external to the illustratedportion of environment 100 that are capable of interacting with theenvironment 100 via the network 132. Further, the term “client” and“user” may be used interchangeably as appropriate without departing fromthe scope of this disclosure.

Moreover, while each client 135 is described in terms of being used by asingle user, this disclosure contemplates that many users may use onecomputer, or that one user may use multiple computers. As used in thisdisclosure, client 135 is intended to encompass a personal computer,touch screen terminal, workstation, network computer, kiosk, wirelessdata port, smart phone, personal data assistant (PDA), one or moreprocessors within these or other devices, or any other suitableprocessing device. For example, each client 135 may include a computerthat includes an input device, such as a keypad, touch screen, mouse, orother device that can accept user information, and an output device thatconveys information associated with the operation of the server 102 (andhosted application 114) or the client 135 itself, including digitaldata, visual information, the client application 144, or the GUI 138.Both the input and output device may include fixed or removable storagemedia such as a magnetic storage media, CD-ROM, or other suitable mediato both receive input from and provide output to users of the clients135 through the display, namely, the GUI 138.

Further, the illustrated client 135 includes a GUI 138 including agraphical user interface operable to interface with at least a portionof environment 100 for any suitable purpose, including generating avisual representation of the client application 144 (in some instances,the client's web browser) and the interactions with the hostedapplication 114, including the responses received from the hostedapplication 114 received in response to the requests sent by the clientapplication 144. Generally, through the GUI 138, the user is providedwith an efficient and user-friendly presentation of data provided by orcommunicated within the system. The term “graphical user interface,” orGUI, may be used in the singular or the plural to describe one or moregraphical user interfaces and each of the displays of a particulargraphical user interface. Therefore, the GUI 138 can represent anygraphical user interface, including but not limited to, a web browser,touch screen, or command line interface (CLI) that processes informationin environment 100 and efficiently presents the information results tothe user.

In general, the GUI 138 may include a plurality of user interface (UI)elements, some or all associated with the client application 144, suchas interactive fields, pull-down lists, and buttons operable by the userat client 135. These and other UI elements may be related to orrepresent the functions of the client application 144, as well as othersoftware applications executing at the client 135. In particular, theGUI 138 may be used to present the client-based perspective of thehosted application 114, and may be used (as a web browser or using theclient application 144 as a web browser) to view and navigate the hostedapplication 114, as well as various web pages located both internal andexternal to the server, some of which may be associated with the hostedapplication 114. For purposes of the present location, the GUI 138 maybe a part of or the entirety of the client application 144, while alsomerely a tool for displaying the visual representation of the client andhosted applications' 114 actions and interactions. In some instances,the GUI 138 and the client application 144 may be used interchangeably,particularly when the client application 144 represents a web browserassociated with the hosted application 114.

While FIG. 1 is described as containing or being associated with aplurality of elements, not all elements illustrated within environment100 of FIG. 1 may be utilized in each alternative implementation of thepresent disclosure. Additionally, one or more of the elements describedherein may be located external to environment 100, while in otherinstances, certain elements may be included within or as a portion ofone or more of the other described elements, as well as other elementsnot described in the illustrated implementation. Further, certainelements illustrated in FIG. 1 may be combined with other components, aswell as used for alternative or additional purposes in addition to thosepurposes described herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example network graph 200 representing a networkthat includes entities. The network can be any type of network with anytype of entities. The network graph 200 includes nodes 202 that eachrepresents an entity in the network and links 204 that each represents arelationship, connection, or interaction between two entities. The links204 may be directed links or undirected links.

For purposes of illustration, the network graph 200 will be describedwith respect to a network that includes suppliers. Each company in thenetwork is represented by a node 202. A root node 202 a of the networkgraph 200 represents a company of a user who is requesting informationabout the supplier network. Links 204 are directed links that connectstwo nodes. A link 204 points from a node for a company to a node for itssupplier. For example, the link 204 a points from node 202 c for ColaCorp to node 202 b for Acme Corp, which is a supplier for Cola Corp.

A user who is requesting information about a network can view thepresence of all entities in the network. However, the user may not havepermission to view identity information for all the entities in thenetwork. In FIG. 2, for example, the link 204 a is labeled “anonymous”to indicate that Cola Corp has not given the user permission to view theidentity of its supplier Acme Corp. Because Cola Corp has not given theuser permission to view its supplier Acme Corp connected through thelink 204 a, the user also does not have permission to view any suppliersbeyond Cola Corp that are connected by a path that includes the link 204a, such as Pico Corp connected to Cola Corp through links 204 a and 204b and YoYo Corp connected to Cola Corp through links 204 a and 204 c.Therefore, the identity of the companies connected to the user's companythrough the link 204 a needs to be protected.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example flowchart 300 for managing networkidentities. For purposes of illustration, the process 300 will bedescribed with respect to a computing system, e.g., the computing system102 of FIG. 1, that performs the process 300 and a remote client, e.g.,clients 135 of FIG. 1.

In FIG. 3, the computing system generates a tree structure representinga network at step 302. The computing system may generate a treestructure from a network graph that represents the network. FIG. 4illustrates an example network tree 400 representing the suppliernetwork shown by the network graph 200 of FIG. 2. In FIG. 4, thesupplier network is expanded as shown by the network tree 400 toeliminate any overlap of the companies and any cycles in the suppliernetwork. Each company in the supplier network is represented by one ormore nodes 402 in the network tree 400. A root node 402 a of the networktree 400 represents a company of a user who is requesting informationabout the supplier network. Each link 404 connects a node for a companyto a node for its supplier.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the computing system identifies each node asbeing a protected node or an unprotected node at step 304. A node is aprotected node if the user does not have permission to view identityinformation of the company associated with the node. A node is anunprotected node if the user has permission to view identity informationof the company associated with the node. A protected node is indicatedin FIG. 4 by a highlighted node and a label “anonymous.”

In the supplier network of FIG. 4, the user has permission to view theidentity of its direct suppliers, such as Acme Corp represented by node402 b and Cola Corp represented by node 402 c. The user can view theidentity of its supplier's supplier if its supplier has granted the userpermission to view the identity information for its supplier's supplier.For example, the user's supplier Acme Corp, represented by node 402 b,has granted the user permission to view identity information for itssuppliers Pico Corp, represented by node 402 e, and YoYo Corp,represented by node 402 f. The user's supplier Cola Corp, represented bynode 402 c, has granted the user permission to view identity informationfor its suppliers YoYo Corp, represented by node 402 g, and Zip Corp,represented by node 402 h. However, Cola Corp has not granted the userpermission to view identity information for its supplier Acme Corp,represented by node 402 d. Thus, the user also does not have permissionto view identity information for Acme Corp's suppliers through node 402d, such as Pico Corp, represented by node 402 i, and YoYo Corp,represented by node 402 j.

As shown in FIG. 4, a company in the supplier network can be representedby more than one node in the network tree 400. This can occur when, forexample, a company is a direct supplier and a third-party supplier, orwhen a company is a third-party supplier through multiple differentdirect suppliers. A company that is represented by more than one node inthe network tree 400 can be represented by any combination of protectedand unprotected nodes. For example, a company that is represented by twonodes in the network tree can be represented by a protected node and anunprotected node, two protected nodes, or two unprotected nodes. Forexample, in FIG. 4, Acme Corp is represented by node 402 b, as theuser's direct supplier, and 402 d, as the user's third-party supplier.The user has permission to view the identity of its supplier Acme Corprepresented by unprotected node 402 b, but does not have permission fromCola Corp to view the identity of Cola Corp's supplier Acme Corprepresented by protected node 402 d. YoYo Corp is represented by threedifferent nodes 402 f, 402 g, and 402 j, of which nodes 402 f and 402 gare unprotected nodes and node 402 j is a protected node. Pico Corp isrepresented by two different nodes 402 e and 402 i, of which node 402 eis an unprotected node and 402 i is a protected node.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the computing system assigns an identifier toeach node in the tree structure at step 306. The identifiers are used bythe computing system and a remote client to communicate and requestinformation about the nodes in the network tree. Examples of techniquesthat can be used to assign identifiers to nodes in a tree structure areshown in FIGS. 6-10 and discussed below.

At step 308, the computing system transmits the tree structure, theidentifiers for the protected nodes, and identity information of theentities for the unprotected nodes to a remote client. The remote clientdisplays to a user a network tree representing the network. FIG. 5illustrates an example network tree 500 that is presented to the user bya remote client. The network tree 500 displayed to the user correspondsto the network tree 400 of FIG. 4. In FIG. 5, identity information ofthe companies associated with protected nodes are concealed from theuser, and identity information of the companies associated withunprotected nodes are shown to the user. For example, the identityinformation of the companies associated with protected nodes 502 d, 502i, and 502 j are not revealed to the user. Instead, the identityinformation for entities associated with protected nodes 502 d, 502 i,and 502 j are replaced with a label, such as “Anonymous Supplier,” toindicate the presence of a supplier without revealing the identity ofthe supplier to the user.

In addition to the identity information of the entities for theunprotected nodes, the computing system may transmit identifiers for theunprotected nodes. These identifiers may be used by the remote client torequest further information associated with the nodes from the computingsystem. In this implementation, the computing system transmits theidentifiers for all nodes of the network tree and identity informationof the entities for the unprotected nodes to the remote client. Theremote client uses the identifiers to request information associatedwith the nodes, such as non-identifying information of the entitiesassociated with the protected nodes, of the network tree 500 from thecomputing system.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example technique of assigning an identifier to anode in a network tree 600 based on an entity's identification number,such as a database record identification number. In this case, thecomputing system assigns to a node the database record identificationnumber of the entity that the node represents. For example, Acme Corphas a database record identification number of “123.” The computingsystem assigns to nodes 602 b and 602 d, which represent Acme Corp, theidentifier “123” corresponding to the database record identificationnumber “123” associated with Acme Corp. As another example, YoYo Corphas a database record identification number of “1122.” The computingsystem assigns to nodes 602 f, 602 g, and 602 j, which represent YoYoCorp, the identifier “1122” corresponding to the database recordidentification number “1122” associated with YoYo Corp.

The computing system and a remote client use the identifier assigned toa node to communicate and request information associated with an entityrepresented by the node. For example, a remote client uses theidentifier “123” to request information associated with the company AcmeCorp represented by unprotected node 602 b. The remote client uses thesame identifier “123” to request information associated with the companyAcme Corp represented by protected node 602 d. Although the identityinformation of the company Acme Corp represented by protected node 602 dis not displayed to the user of the remote system, the user can inferthe identity information of the company represented by the protectednode 602 d by examining the identifiers that are communicated betweenthe remote client and the computing system for all the nodes in thenetwork tree. By examining the identifiers, the user can determine thatthe same identifier is used by the remote client and the computingsystem when communicating information associated with unprotected node602 b and protected node 602 d. From this, the user can infer thatprotected node 602 d represents the same company as unprotected node 602b. Therefore, assigning an identifier to a node in a network tree basedon an entity's database record identification number may not adequatelyprotect the identity of the entity associated with protected nodes.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example technique of assigning an identifier to anode in a network tree 700 based on an entity's identification number,such as a database record identification number, and a user'sidentification number. In this implementation, the computing systemassigns an identifier to a node by combining an entity's database recordidentification number with a user's identification number and encryptingthe combined number.

For example, the computing system assigns to unprotected node 702 b andprotected node 702 d, which both represent Acme Corp, the identifier“ABC321,” which is an encrypted combination of the database recordidentification number associated with Acme Corp and the user'sidentification number. Although the identifiers assigned to the nodeswill differ between users of the system, the identifiers for nodes thatrepresent the same company will be identical for a given user. The usercan determine that the same identifier is used by the remote client andthe computing system when communicating information associated withunprotected node 702 b and protected node 702 d. From this, the user caninfer that protected node 702 d represents the same company asunprotected node 702 b, even though the actual database recordidentification number was not transmitted to the remote client.Therefore, assigning an identifier to a node in a network tree based ona combination of an entity's database record identification number anduser's identification number may not adequately protect the identity ofthe entity associated with protected nodes.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example technique of assigning an identifier to anode in a network tree 800 based on an entity's identification number,such as a database record identification number, and an identificationnumber of an entity represented by a parent node. In thisimplementation, the computing system assigns an identifier to a node bycombining an entity's database record identification number with anidentification number of an entity represented by a parent node andencrypting the combined number.

For example, the computing system assigns to unprotected node 802 b,representing Acme Corp, the identifier “XYZ789,” which is the encryptedcombination of the database record identification number associated withAcme Corp and the identification number of the entity associated withthe parent node 802 a, which is the user's identification number. Thecomputing system assigns to protected node 802 d, also representing AcmeCorp, the identifier “KLM444,” which is the encrypted combination of thedatabase record identification number associated with Acme Corp and theidentification number of the entity associated with the parent node 802c, which is the identification number of Cola Corp. Even thoughunprotected node 802 b and protected node 802 d represent the samecompany, the identifiers for unprotected node 802 b and protected node802 d are no longer identical.

However, the identifiers for nodes 802 e and 802 i, representing PicoCorp, will be identical because the parent nodes 802 b and 802 d ofnodes 802 e and 802 i represent the same company Acme Corp.Additionally, the identifiers for nodes 802 f and 802 j, representingYoYo Corp, will be identical because the parent nodes 802 b and 802 d ofnodes 802 f and 802 j also represent Acme Corp. The user can determinethat the same identifier is used by the remote client and the computingsystem when communicating information associated with unprotected node802 e and protected node 802 i. From this, the user can infer thatprotected node 802 i represents the same company Pico Corp asunprotected node 802 e. Additionally, the user can determine that thesame identifier is used by the remote client and the computing systemwhen communicating information associated with unprotected node 802 fand protected node 802 j. From this, the user can infer that protectednode 802 j represents the same company YoYo Corp as unprotected node 802f. Thus, unprotected node 802 e represents the same company as protectednode 802 i, unprotected node 802 f represents the same company asprotected node 802 j, and the parent node 802 b of nodes 802 e and 802 fand the parent node 802 d of nodes 802 i and 802 j are identical. Fromthis, the user can infer that protected node 802 d represents the samecompany Acme Corp as unprotected node 802 b. Therefore, assigning anidentifier to a node in a network tree based on a combination of anentity's database record identification number and an identificationnumber of an entity represented by a parent node may not adequatelyprotect the identity of the entity associated with protected nodes.

In some implementations, the computing system assigns an identifier to anode in a network tree based on an encrypted combination of an entity'sidentification number and identification numbers of entities associatedwith all parent nodes in the supplier network chain. For example, thecomputing system assigns an identifier to node 802 i based on anencrypted combination of Pico Corp's database record identificationnumber, the identification number of Acme Corp represented by parentnode 802 d of 802 i, and the identification number of Cola Corprepresented by the parent node 802 c of node 802 d. This implementationprotects identities of entities associated with protected nodes, butonly up to N levels of indirection. If N is ten and the network tree haseleven levels, a user can detect duplicate companies at the eleventhlevel of the network tree.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example technique of assigning an identifier to anode in a network tree 900 based on identification numbers of entitiesalong the full path from a root node 902 a to the node of which theidentifier is to be assigned. The computing system may assign anidentifier by encoding identification numbers of the entities along thefull path. An identifier for a node may be generated by concatenatingidentification numbers of entities associated with each node along thepath according to their position in the path between the root node andthe node of which the identifier is to be assigned. By concatenatingidentification numbers of entities along the path according to theirposition, the computing system can correctly and unambiguously determinewhich entity is associated with which node and whether the node is aprotected node or an unprotected node. The identification numbers of theentities may be separated by a delimiter or spaced in fixed width units.The concatenated identification numbers are then encrypted to obtain theidentifier for the node. The generated identifier for each node isunique and has a one-to-one mapping with the full path from the rootnode to the node of which the identifier is assigned. Thisimplementation protects identities of entities associated with protectednodes even when there are two or more paths in the network with the sameentities but in different orders.

For example, the computing system assigns to unprotected node 902 e,representing Pico Corp, the identifier “QRS354,” which is the encryptedcombination of the identification number of the entity associated withthe root node 902 a, which is the user's company's identificationnumber, the identification number of the entity associated with node 902b, which is Acme Corp's identification number, and the identificationnumber of the entity associated with node 902 e, which is Pico Corp'sidentification number. The computing system assigns to protected node902 i, also representing Pico Corp, the identifier “BCD608,” which isthe encrypted combination of the identification number of the entityassociated with the root node 902 a, which is the user's identificationnumber, the identification number of the entity associated with node 902c, which is Cola Corp's identification number, the identification numberof the entity associated with node 902 d, which is Acme Corp'sidentification number, and the identification of the entity associatedwith node 902 i, which is Pico Corp's identification number. Even thoughunprotected node 902 e and protected node 902 i represent the samecompany, the identifiers for unprotected node 902 e and protected node902 i are no longer identical. As shown in FIG. 9, nodes that representthe same company will not be assigned identical identifiers, and thuseach node in the network tree 900 is assigned a unique identifier.

The computing system encrypts the encoded identification numbers andtransmits the identifier to a remote client. The remote client storesthe identifier. When the computing system receives the identifier from aremote client, the computing system decrypts the identifier to identifythe company of which the remote client is requesting information.Although encoding identification numbers of companies along the fullpath from the root node to the node in which the identifier is to beassigned may provide adequate protection of the identity of companiesrepresented by protected nodes, the computing system may require asignificant amount of processing time to encrypt, encode, decrypt, anddecode an identifier each time a user submits a request for information.Additionally, an identifier string may become significantly long fornodes at higher levels of the network tree. However, if the computingsystem does not support stateful execution in which a table thatincludes a mapping of identifiers to company information can be saved,as described below, encoding identification numbers of companies alongthe full path may provide adequate protection of the identity of thecompanies.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example technique of assigning a uniqueidentifier to each node in a network tree 1000 based on a path from aroot node 1002 a to the node. The computing system may assignidentifiers to the nodes by, for example, sequentially assigning anumber or a letter to the nodes in the network tree 1000. In FIG. 10,for example, the computing system assigns identifiers to the nodes 1002b-1002 j sequentially starting with the number “1.” As shown in FIG. 10,nodes that represent the same company will not be assigned identicalidentifiers. A user thus will not be able to infer from the identifierswhether multiple nodes represent the same company. In alternativeimplementations, the computing system may assign unique identifiers thatare generated randomly rather than sequentially.

To manage the network identities using unique identifiers, the computingsystem maintains a table that includes a mapping of each identifier toinformation associated with the company represented by the nodeassociated with the identifier. The table may be maintained in a memoryof the computing system. FIG. 11 illustrates an example table 1100. Theinformation associated with the company can include, for example,identity information of the company, such as company name 1101, thecompany's database record identification number 1102, and whether theuser has permission to view the identity information of the companyrepresented by the node 1103. When the computing system receives arequest with an identifier from a remote client, the computing systemaccesses the table 1100 to identify the information associated with thecompany represented by the node associated with the identifier.

In some implementations, the computing system transmits a portion of anetwork tree to a remote client for display to a user based on requestsreceived from the remote client. For example, the computing systemtransmits portions of a network tree to a remote client based on a userexpanding the nodes of the network tree. FIGS. 12-15 illustratetransmitting portions of a network tree 1200-1500 to a remote client fordisplay to a user based a user expanding the nodes of the network tree.The computing system may assign identifiers to nodes based on an orderthat the user expands the nodes of the network tree. FIG. 16 illustratesan example network tree 1600 in which identifiers are assigned to nodesof the network tree 1600 based on an order that a user of a remoteclient expands the nodes of the tree structure, e.g., the order that theuser expanded the nodes of the tree structure as shown in FIGS. 12-15.In FIG. 16, the identifiers that are assigned to the nodes may bedifferent than the identifiers assigned to the nodes of FIG. 10, withoutcompromising the privacy protection of the entities associated with thenodes.

In FIG. 12, the remote client requests to view information associatedwith the user's direct suppliers. The computing system assignsidentifiers to the nodes representing the user's direct suppliers insequential order. For example, the computing system assigns the node1202 b representing Acme Corp the identifier “1” and the node 1202 crepresenting Cola Corp the identifier “2,” as shown in FIG. 16.Referring again to FIG. 12, the computing system transmits the networktree 1200 and information associated with nodes 1202 b and 1202 c to theremote client for display to the user. The nodes 1202 b and 1202 c canbe expanded to show the suppliers of the companies represented by nodes1202 b and 1202 c, as indicated by “+” symbols 1205 next to the nodes.

The user expands node 1202 c by selecting the “+” symbol 1205 c. Theremote client transmits a request to the computing system for supplierinformation associated with node 1202 c. The computing system assignsidentifiers “3,” “4,” and “5” to the nodes 1202 d, 1202 g, and 1202 h,respectively, corresponding to the request for supplier informationassociated with node 1202 c, as shown in FIG. 16. The computing systemtransmits supplier information associated with node 1202 c to the remoteclient for display to the user, as shown by network tree 1300 of FIG.13.

Referring to FIG. 13, the remote client then receives an input from theuser selecting the “+” symbol 1205 b to expand the node 1202 b. Thecomputing system receives the request to expand the node 1202 b from theremote client. In response, the computing system assigns identifiers “6”and “7” to nodes 1202 e and 1202 f, respectively, corresponding to therequest for supplier information associated with node 1202 b. Thecomputing system then transmits supplier information associated withnode 1202 b to the remote client for display to the user, as shown bynetwork tree 1400 of FIG. 14.

Referring to FIG. 14, the remote client then receives an input from theuser selecting the “+” symbol 1205 d to expand node 1202 d. Thecomputing system receives the request to expand the node 1202 d from theremote client. In response, the computing system assigns identifiers “8”and “9” to nodes 1202 i and 1202 j, respectively, corresponding to therequest for supplier information associated with node 1202 d. Thecomputing system then transmits supplier information associated withnode 1202 d to the remote client for display to the user, as shown bynetwork tree 1500 of FIG. 15.

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it willbe understood that various modifications may be made. For example, othermethods described herein besides or in addition to that illustrated inFIG. 3 may be performed. Further, the illustrated steps of process 300may be performed in different orders, either concurrently or serially.For example, steps 302, 304, and 306 may be performed in differentorders, e.g., step 306 of assigning an identifier to each node may beperformed before or after step 304 of identifying each node as being aprotected node or an unprotected node. Further, steps may be performedin addition to those illustrated in process 300 and some stepsillustrated in process 300 may be omitted without deviating from thepresent disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within thescope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for managing network identities, themethod comprising: generating, with a local computing system, a treestructure representing a network comprising a plurality of entities, thetree structure comprising a plurality of nodes, each node of theplurality of nodes representing an entity of the plurality of entities,at least one entity of the plurality of entities is represented by morethan one node of the plurality of nodes; assigning a unique identifierto each node; identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being aprotected node or an unprotected node; and transmitting, to a remotecomputing system, the tree structure, the unique identifiers for theprotected nodes, and identity information of the entities for theunprotected nodes.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning a uniqueidentifier to each node comprises: generating a number by combining anidentification number of the entity associated with the node andidentification numbers of entities associated with nodes along a pathfrom a root node of the tree structure to the node; and encrypting thecombined number.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning a uniqueidentifier to each node comprises: assigning a unique number to eachnode based on a path from a root node of the tree structure to the node.4. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning a unique identifier to eachnode comprises: assigning a unique number to each node based on an orderthat a user of the remote computing system expands the nodes of the treestructure.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: maintaining amapping of each unique identifier to information about the entityassociated with the node associated with the unique identifier.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein identifying each node of the plurality ofnodes as being a protected node or an unprotected node comprises:determining that a user of the remote computing system has permission toview identity information of the entity associated with the node; andidentifying the node as being an unprotected node.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein identifying each node of the plurality of nodes asbeing a protected node or an unprotected node comprises: determiningthat a user of the remote computing system does not have permission toview identity information of the entity associated with the node; andidentifying the node as being a protected node.
 8. The method of claim1, wherein the at least one entity represented by more than one node ofthe plurality of nodes is associated with at least one protected node.9. A computer storage medium encoded with a computer program, theprogram comprising instructions that when executed by one or morecomputers cause the one or more computers to perform operationscomprising: generating, with a local computing system, a tree structurerepresenting a network comprising a plurality of entities, the treestructure comprising a plurality of nodes, each node of the plurality ofnodes representing an entity of the plurality of entities, at least oneentity of the plurality of entities is represented by more than one nodeof the plurality of nodes; assigning a unique identifier to each node;identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being a protectednode or an unprotected node; and transmitting, to a remote computingsystem, the tree structure, the unique identifiers for the protectednodes, and identity information of the entities for the unprotectednodes.
 10. The computer storage medium of claim 9, wherein assigning aunique identifier to each node comprises: generating a number bycombining an identification number of the entity associated with thenode and identification numbers of entities associated with nodes alonga path from a root node of the tree structure to the node; andencrypting the combined number.
 11. The computer storage medium of claim9, wherein assigning a unique identifier to each node comprises:assigning a unique number to each node based on a path from a root nodeof the tree structure to the node.
 12. The computer storage medium ofclaim 9, wherein assigning a unique identifier to each node comprises:assigning a unique number to each node based on an order that a user ofthe remote computing system expands the nodes of the tree structure. 13.The computer storage medium of claim 9, further comprising: maintaininga mapping of each unique identifier to information about the entityassociated with the node associated with the unique identifier.
 14. Thecomputer storage medium of claim 9, wherein identifying each node of theplurality of nodes as being a protected node or an unprotected nodecomprises: determining that a user of the remote computing system haspermission to view identity information of the entity associated withthe node; and identifying the node as being an unprotected node.
 15. Thecomputer storage medium of claim 9, wherein identifying each node of theplurality of nodes as being a protected node or an unprotected nodecomprises: determining that a user of the remote computing system doesnot have permission to view identity information of the entityassociated with the node; and identifying the node as being a protectednode.
 16. The computer storage medium of claim 9, wherein the at leastone entity represented by more than one node of the plurality of nodesis associated with at least one protected node.
 17. A system of one ormore computers configured to perform operations comprising: generating,with a local computing system, a tree structure representing a networkcomprising a plurality of entities, the tree structure comprising aplurality of nodes, each node of the plurality of nodes representing anentity of the plurality of entities, at least one entity of theplurality of entities is represented by more than one node of theplurality of nodes; assigning a unique identifier to each node;identifying each node of the plurality of nodes as being a protectednode or an unprotected node; and transmitting, to a remote computingsystem, the tree structure, the unique identifiers for the protectednodes, and identity information of the entities for the unprotectednodes.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein assigning a unique identifierto each node comprises: generating a number by combining anidentification number of the entity associated with the node andidentification numbers of entities associated with nodes along a pathfrom a root node of the tree structure to the node; and encrypting thecombined number.
 19. The system of claim 17, wherein assigning a uniqueidentifier to each node comprises: assigning a unique number to eachnode based on a path from a root node of the tree structure to the node.20. The system of claim 17, wherein assigning a unique identifier toeach node comprises: assigning a unique number to each node based on anorder that a user of the remote computing system expands the nodes ofthe tree structure.
 21. The system of claim 17, further comprising:maintaining a mapping of each unique identifier to information about theentity associated with the node associated with the unique identifier.22. The system of claim 17, wherein identifying each node of theplurality of nodes as being a protected node or an unprotected nodecomprises: determining that a user of the remote computing system haspermission to view identity information of the entity associated withthe node; and identifying the node as being an unprotected node.
 23. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein identifying each node of the plurality ofnodes as being a protected node or an unprotected node comprises:determining that a user of the remote computing system does not havepermission to view identity information of the entity associated withthe node; and identifying the node as being a protected node.
 24. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein the at least one entity represented by morethan one node of the plurality of nodes is associated with at least oneprotected node.